Abstract
Summary This pathological study of formalin-preserved calf aortic valve xenografts used for human aortic valve surgery has shown (up to 45 months after implantation) progressive changes involving loss of cellular content, collagen homogenization, elastin fragmentation, occasional perforation or rupture, and ingrowth of host cells with some attempt at organization. The latter have included cells of reparative and immunological type. These changes have occurred to varying degrees and in differing combinations both with and without demonstrable loss of function of the implanted valve. The histological appearance more than the clinical function of the valve has given fundamental knowledge at an early stage essential in forecasting the fate of xenografts such that their clinical use has been discontinued.
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