Abstract

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) embrace a heterogeneous group of disorders with diverse clinical outcomes. ILDs are classically separated into four categories: (i) ILDs of known cause, such as those in relation with occupational or environmental exposures, drugs, connective tissue diseases (CTDs), or vasculitis; (ii) idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs); (iii) sarcoidosis; and (iv) particular forms of ILDs, such as pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH), lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), chronic idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia [1]. More frequent ILDs are sarcoidosis, CTD-associated ILDs, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and the chronic fibrosing IIPs, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP).

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