Abstract
The second part of the series of diagnostics of early neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract discusses the role of Helicobacter and development of gastric neoplasia. Through better endoscopical image techniques during the last years an increasing number of early gastric carcinomas are diagnosed. For a therapeutic decision a most exact histological workup is needed. This does not include only the evaluation of depth of infiltration but also tumour differentiation (intestinal, gastric or signet ring cell differentiation) and diagnosis of risk factors like lymphatic vessel permeation. In the meanwhile it is known that even signet ring cell early carcinomas can be endoscopically removed and an operation is not always necessary. The above mentioned is also true for other neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract especially for colon carcinomas. An absolute need for pathologists is a standardised work up to achieve a reliable diagnostic recommendation.
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