Abstract
Periostin is known to be a useful biomarker for various diseases. In this article, we focus on allergic diseases and pulmonary fibrosis, for which we and others are now developing detection systems for periostin as a biomarker. Biomarker-based precision medicine in the management of type 2 inflammation and fibrotic diseases since heterogeneity is of utmost importance. Periostin expression is induced by type 2 cytokines (interleukin-4/-13) or transforming growth factor-β, and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation or interstitial lung disease, respectively, andits serum levels are correlated disease severity, prognosis and responsiveness to the treatment. We first summarise the importance of type 2 biomarker and then describe the pathological role of periostin in the development and progression of type 2 allergic inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, then, we summarise the recent development of assay methods for periostin detection, and analyse the diseases in which periostin concentration is elevated in serum and local biological fluids and its usefulness as a biomarker. Furthermore, we describe recent findings of periostin as a biomarker in the use of biologics or anti-fibrotic therapy. Finally, we describe the factors that influence the change in periostin concentration under the healthy conditions.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
IL-13 seruminlevels serve as bronchial a biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation and are associated serum levels serve as a[42], biomarker oflevels eosinophilic airway inflammation associated with asthma severity but their in biological samples are veryand loware and difficult with severity
We previously showed that serum SCCA2 levels tightly correlated with clinical severity in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) [71,72], and SCCA2 can be a biomarker for early diagnosis, estimation of clinical severity and type of disease, and assessing response to treatment
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. On the cell surfaces, causing activation of signalling pathways such as FAK [11,13], PI3kinase [8,9,11,14], Akt [11,15], ERK [16], NF-κB [17,18] and STAT3 [16]. Because of these properties, periostin plays an essential role in regulating cell behaviour and ECM organisation.
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