Pathological mandibular fractures: a review of the literature of the last two decades

Abstract

Pathological mandibular fractures are rare, accounting for fewer than 2% of all fractures of the mandible. They could be defined as fractures that occur in regions where bone has been weakened by an underlying pathological process. Pathological fractures usually may follow surgical interventions such as third molar removal or implant placement, result from regions of osteomyelitis, osteoradionecrosis, and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, occur because of idiopathic reasons or be facilitated by cystic lesions, benign, malignant, or metastatic tumors. Pathological mandibular fractures may be challenging to treat because of their different etiology and peculiar local and general conditions, often requiring a more rigid fixation. In patients with poor medical conditions, simpler and more limited options may be preferred.