Abstract
The contamination of tetrachlorodibenzo- r -dioxins (TCDDs) and tetra chlorinated dibenzofurans (TCDFs) may affect human or animal health such as cancer, reproductive failure, dermaltoxicities and neurologic effects. The present study describes the effects of TCDD/TCDFs contamination in feed to various tissues of beef cattle to which TCDD/TCDFs were detected byGC MS/MS. The results revealed that POPs (DDT, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin and endrin) as a precursor for dioxins were detected in all samples except drinking water. The total concentration of OC in soils was Nd – 42.73 m g/kg, grasses (3.30 – 27.66 m g/kg), well water (0.82 – 1.00 m g/kg), feed mill (3.90 m g/kg), sera (Nd – 13.08 m g/kg) and meats (Nd – 100.72 m g/kg). Futhermore, the TEQ residues of TCDDs/TCDFs in beef were 4496.66 - 20642 . 40 pg/g from Yogyakarta, and 717.13pg/g (beef) and 0.037 pg/g (brain tissues) from Solo (Central Java). The concentration of TCDD/TCDFs residues in beef was above the maximum residue limit (MRL) at 2 pg/g. Animal feeds is regarded as the main source of dioxins contamination in meats. Macroscopic changes were general anaemia, cachexia, fibrotic liver, athropic heart, ruminal impaction, constipated intestinal, haemorrhagic kidney, and ptechiae in the brain. Microscopically were depleted spleen vacuolation of interseptum, haemorrhages and accumulation of hemosiderin. Heart shows degeneration, fragmentation and pale cardiac muscle and swollen nuclei. Liver was pale, degeneration of epithelial cells and congestion. Lungs were pneumonia, oedema pulmonum and mild haemorrhage. Intestines showed haemorrhage and infiltration of mononuclear cells, neutrophyls and eosinophyls. Brain was haemorrhage, perivascular cuffs and intranuclear inclusion bodies. The animal was suffering from haemorrhagic enteritis, encephalitis, and hepatic degeneration.
Highlights
Tetrachloro dioxins and related compounds such as tetrachloro dibenzo- -dioxins (TCDDs)/tetra chlorinated dibenzofurans (TCDFs) and PCBs are toxic compounds of aromatic tetracyclic hydrocarbon derived from wastes of chemical processes or natural activities such as forrest fires, combustions, incinerators, household heating, and pulp and paper industry (McKay 2002; EC 2006a; EC 2006b)
The present study describes the effects of TCDD/TCDFs contamination in feed to various tissues of beef cattle to which TCDD/TCDFs were detected byGC MS/MS
The results revealed that POPs (DDT, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin and endrin) as a precursor for dioxins were detected in all samples except drinking water
Summary
Tetrachloro dioxins and related compounds such as TCDDs/TCDFs and PCBs are toxic compounds of aromatic tetracyclic hydrocarbon derived from wastes of chemical processes or natural activities such as forrest fires, combustions, incinerators, household heating, and pulp and paper industry (McKay 2002; EC 2006a; EC 2006b). The contamination of dioxins becomes a public concern due to their undegradable properties in the environment and toxic effects in human health. As these compounds are highly nonpolar lipophilic with longer biological half-lives, the dioxins may accumulate in food chains (Froescheis et al 2000).The contaminated-food intake appears as the main source for human and animal exposures (Startin & Rose 2003). Several studies have reported that the dioxins-contaminated feed were mainly due to (1) the use of contaminated clay; (2) the drying process of contaminated grass; and (3) the contaminated feed from treated timber using preservatives; and (4) the contaminated feed with wastes originating from industrial sources (Malisch 2000; Hoogenboom et al 2009; Tlustos 2009a; Tlustos 2009b)
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