Abstract
With increasing emphasis on local excision of early rectal cancer, staging systems that use data from histologic features of the locally excised cancer have been investigated to identify possible markers for lymph node metastasis and recurrence. The “T” subgroups of the TNM system appear to offer no advantage in this respect. Irregularity of infiltrating margin and density of stromal infiltrate also bear no relationship with lymph node metastasis. Although invasion of extramural veins may be a predictor of recurrence after surgical treatment of advanced rectal cancer, the observation of venous invasion is not associated with a worse prognosis after endoscopic polypectomy of malignant polyps.
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