Abstract
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is important pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine which gene is located on chromosome 1 at 1q31-32. There are many genetic variants of IL-10 gene. However, the most studied are two dinucleotide repeats (microsatellites), IL10.G and IL10.R, located 1.2 kb and 4 kb upstream of the transcription start site and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -1082(G/A), -819(C/T) and -592(C/A). A large number of studies have shown that IL-10 gene polymorphisms are associated with different diseases and play an important role in pathophysiology and clinical course of these diseases. This review summarizes published literature knowledge about the association of IL-10 polymorphisms and expression patterns with asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis and some neoplasms.
Highlights
Cytokines play an important role in modulation of the immune response
In bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) alveolar macrophages represent more than 80% of the cells present, while T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 lymphocytes, cytotoxic T cells, B lymphocytes and mast cells represent less than 10% of the cells [8]
This effect provides a possible explanation for the enhanced production of Interleukin 10 (IL-10) in patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which leads to B cell hyperactivity, autoantibody production, immune complexes production, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulation and again production of IL-10
Summary
Cytokines play an important role in modulation of the immune response They are produced by immune cells upon stimulation. Many researchers have noticed that differences in cytokine levels (high or low) are associated with certain allelic variants of cytokine genes. These polymorphisms might play an important role in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Search was first performed using the search term “Interleukin 10 polymorphism” to discover which IL-10 polymorphisms and diseases were studied the most Those were three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): 1082(G/A), -819(C/T) and -592(C/A) in the promoter region which form three predominant haplotypes (GCC, ACC, ATA). Inclusion criteria for the review were publications limited to humans, well design case-control studies
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