Pathologic Characteristics of the Torn Human Meniscus

Abstract

Background Acellular meniscus tissue is at a high risk for degeneration and retear. Information that would help surgeons predict, preoperatively, or intraoperatively which torn menisci had few viable cells could be useful in deciding which patients might be at increased risk for retear and failure of surgical repair. Hypothesis Patient age, length of time since injury, and tear type are predictors of the cellularity of meniscus tissue. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Gross and histologic evaluation of torn meniscus tissue from 44 patients and 10 control menisci was performed. Results The patient factors of age, time since injury, and tear type all had significant effects on the pathologic characteristics of the torn meniscus. Patients older than 40 years had lower cellularity in the torn menisci than did patients younger than 40 years (P < .01). As time since injury increased, so did the rates of DNA fragmentation in the midsubstance of the meniscus and rates of Outerbridge II changes in the adjacent cartilage. Worse meniscal histologic scores were found in menisci with degenerative and radial tear types. Conclusion Patient age had a significant effect on the cellularity of the torn meniscus, with patients older than 40 years having significantly fewer meniscus cells than did those younger than 40 years. Further studies are needed to define the relative importance of the individual histologic findings in the clinical setting of meniscus tear and repair. Clinical Relevance In light of their decreased cellularity, menisci from patients older than 40 years may be more vulnerable to degeneration and retear after repair than are menisci of younger patients.