Abstract
To verify whether porcine deltacoronavirus infection induces disease, we inoculated gnotobiotic pigs with 2 virus strains (OH-FD22 and OH-FD100) identified by 2 specific reverse transcription PCRs. At 21–120 h postinoculation, pigs exhibited severe diarrhea, vomiting, fecal shedding of virus, and severe atrophic enteritis. These findings confirm that these 2 strains are enteropathogenic in pigs.
Highlights
To verify whether porcine deltacoronavirus infection induces disease, we inoculated gnotobiotic pigs with 2 virus strains (OH-FD22 and OH-FD100) identified by 2 specific reverse transcription PCRs
To confirm the role of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) as an enteric viral pathogen and understand disease progression, we studied the pathogenicity of 2 strains of PDCoV (OH-FD22 and OH-FD100) in gnotobiotic pigs
Since 2013–2014, newly emerged Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and PDCoV have spread throughout the United States and caused a high number of pig deaths [1,2,6], but no studies of the pathogenicity of PDCoV have been reported
Summary
§Pig 1 vomited at days postinoculation 21–24 and had diarrhea. ¶At euthanasia. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues as described [8,9] by using hyperimmune gnotobiotic pig antiserum against OH-FD22. All inoculated pigs exhibited onset of clinical disease similar to that of infection with PEDV strain PC21A (6.3–9.0 log GEs/pig) in gnotobiotic pigs [8]. The mean jejunal ratios of villous height to crypt depth of infected pigs 3–5 at hpi 72–120 ranged from 1.4 to 3.6 (Table 2), which were similar to those in gnotobiotic pigs experimentally infected with PEDV strain PC21A [8]. In situ hybridization–positive or immunofluorescencestained cells were observed mainly in the villous epithelium of small (duodenum to ileum) and large intestines (Table 2; Figure 2, panels G, I–K). No other internal organs of infected pigs showed in situ hybridization–positive or immunofluorescence-positive staining.
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