Abstract
Northern Kazakhstan is the main zone of spring wheat cultivation where, 85 % of the cultivated area is located. There is not a single variety resistant to Septoria spot among the varieties approved for use. The frequency of epiphytoties of wheat diseases in the northern part of Kazakhstan is four cases every ten years. During the years of epiphytotic development of brown rust and Septoria spot with the dominance of a particular disease, the yield of spring wheat is reduced by 25 % or more. Knowledge of the species composition of pathogens of Septoria spot allows a more focused approach to the study and creation of varieties of wheat resistant to this disease. The aim of the research is to study the species of Septoria spot pathogens in wheat in Northern Kazakhstan. In 2018–2019, the pathogenic complex of the causative agents of wheat Septoria spot was studied. The collection of leaves affected by Septoria spot was carried out on spring wheat varieties in the steppe, forest-steppe zones of Northern Kazakhstan. The species composition of Septoria pathogens was determined from microscopic preparations from the collected samples; which were represented by three types of septorial fungi: Septoria tritici, Stagonospora nodorum, Stagonospora avenae. In the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Northern Kazakhstan, the dominant species was S. tritici followed by S. nodorum.
Highlights
On average, about 13.0 million tons of grain are produced in Kazakhstan [1]
To obtain a reliable picture of the spread of the disease, we examined the steppe zone of the Akkayin, Esil districts, as well as the forest-steppe zone of the Mamlyut and Kyzylzhar districts of Northern Kazakhstan (Fig. 1)
Weather conditions in 2018, namely rainfall in the end of June and throughout the month of July, heavy rains in August contributed to the development and spread of Septoria spot
Summary
On average, about 13.0 million tons of grain are produced in Kazakhstan [1]. The average grain yield is 1.1 tons per hectare. There is a large number of harmful fungal diseases of wheat, and Septoria spot is currently the dominant one. Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nodorum cause significant crop loss and severely reduce grain quality [2, 3]. Epiphytoties of various diseases had been observed on the wheat crops four times in the last ten years. Annual yield losses amount to 10–15 % in cases of moderate development of the disease and up to 40 % during epiphytoties [4,5,6]. The study of the species diversity of pathogens of Septoria allows identifying their most common types in the region
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