Abstract
The discoveries of natural and the development of manufactured highly efficient catalytic antibodies (abzymes) opens the door to many practical applications. One of the most fascinating is the use of such antibodies in human therapy and prevention (vaccination), of cancer, AIDS, autoimmune diseases. A special entity of naturally occurring DNA hydrolytic anti-DNA antibodies is emerging within past decades linked to autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), Sjogren Syndrome (SS), B - Chronic lymphocytic leucosis (B-CLL), and Multiple Myeloma (MM). The origin of the antibodies is unknown. The underlying mechanisms of these activities are suggested to be penetration into the living cells and translocation in the nucleus, with recognition of the specific binding sites at particular (ss or ds) DNA. There are controversies in the literature whether hydrolysis is a sequence-specific event. The interplay between anti-DNA antibodies and DNA is not yet elucidated. This molecular “twist” also suggests that anti-DNA antibodies with DNA hydrolytic capacity could be the organism's immune response to a microbial attack, with microbial DNA, or specific genes within microbial DNA sequence, as a target for neutralization. The catalytic antibody-based approach can become a key tool in selective chemotherapeutic strategies.
Highlights
Historical NotesIn 1957 [1], Ceppelini et al reported that components present in the sera from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients were reactive with DNA
In 1957 [1], Ceppelini et al reported that components present in the sera from SLE patients were reactive with DNA
These methods were initially employed during investigations into the role of these antibodies in SLE, but later research revealed their occurrence in other autoimmune diseases
Summary
In 1957 [1], Ceppelini et al reported that components present in the sera from SLE patients were reactive with DNA These components were subsequently identified as antibodies, and a broad spectrum of methods have been developed in order to improve detection, characterization, and quantification of anti-DNA autoantibodies [2, 3]. These methods were initially employed during investigations into the role of these antibodies in SLE, but later research revealed their occurrence in other autoimmune diseases. An understanding of the duality of these unique antibodies may shed light on the mechanisms of their pathogenicity in SLE and other autoimmune diseases
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