Pathogenetic rationale for the formation of somatic pathology with prolonged exposure to low-frequency noise

Abstract

Pathological changes in the central nervous, respirator y, digestive systems and blood coagulation of experimental animals and humans as effects of low-frequency noise are analyzed. The mechanisms of direct (as a result of mechanotransduction) and central (due to the stimulation of an extensive receptor field) action of low-frequency noise on the organism are described in more detail. The effect of excessive activation of lipid peroxidation mechanisms as a result of oxidative stress on the initiation of pathological changes in various organs and systems with noise exposure was noted. It is shown that the main target of the action, ultimately, are the membranes of nerve cells. It was found out that one of the effects of low-frequency noise is an increase in the proliferation of extracellular matrix (collagen and elastin) without signs of an inflammatory process leading to an increase in the structural integrity of various organs (pericardium, vessels, lungs, liver). The existence of two clinical notions of the effects of noise exposure «noise disease» (domestic term) or «vibroacoustic disease» (a foreign analogue, more characteristic for low-frequency noise) is shown. The priority role of the central nervous system in the emergence and progression of somatic pathology in «noise» («vibroacoustic») disease is substantiated. The possibility of formation (in addition to neurosensory hearing loss) of nosological forms of encephalopathy, essential hypertension and emphysema in persons professionally and continuously exposed to intense low-frequency noise is shown. The interrelation and interdependence of disturbances in the central nervous, blood circulation and respiratory systems in response to the dysregulating effect of intense acoustic oscillations was revealed. It has been clarified that the unifying pathogenetic link of damages of various organs and systems in response to the action of low-frequency noise is the changes at the microcirculatory level.