Pathogenesis of progressive myopia (literature review)

Abstract

Background. The increasing prevalence of progressive myopia and its complications necessitates the identifi cation of reliable diagnostic markers and new rational therapeutic tactics based on the results of studying the mechanisms of myopia development. Purpose: to assess the current understanding of the pathogenesis of progressive myopia in the light of the development of new effective methods of its control and treatment. Materials and methods. A bibliographic study of scientifi c publications of scientifi c information databases: Pubmed, eLibrary, Cyberleninka for the last 10 years was carried out. More than 100 sources were analyzed. The work included a review of 60 works. Results. This review considers both well-known and lesser-known theories that explain the causes and mechanisms of myopia progression. The publications demonstrate the importance of the problem of myopia development and allow us to signifi cantly expand the understanding of the mechanisms of development of this disease. The analysis of literature sources allowed us to provide important evidence of the role of heredity, s clera morphology, peripheral defocus and other factors in the development of progressive myopia, as well as the results of experimental studies on the key mechanisms of its development. However, the pathogenesis of progressive myopia is currently not fully understood. Moreover, each of the theories explaining the development of myopia has been repeatedly confi rmed in the results of other studies. This not only strengthens their evidence base, but also reveals common points where theories overlap, which gradually leads to the formation of a common consensus on the etiopathogenesis of this disease. Conclusions. Increased knowledge of the processes leading to the progression of myopia opens new opportunities for the development of effective methods that will ensure its control and stabilization, taking into account its pathogenesis.