Abstract
PRIOR to von Helmholtz' epochal invention of the ophthalmoscope in 1851, little was established concerning the pathology of myopia. Kepler,1early in the seventeenth century, expressed the belief that in accommodation the retina moved closer to the lens and that myopia was a disturbance of this function. Plempius,2in 1632, first examined the myopic eye anatomically and noted the increased distance between the lens and the retina. Boerhave,3in 1708, confirmed the findings of Plempius and suggested this axial lengthening and the greater convexity of the cornea as causes of myopia. The deep anterior chamber of myopic persons misled observers of that period into believing that the cornea exhibited an abnormal convexity. Morgagni,4in 1761, also gave an anatomic demonstration of the greater length of the myopic eye. Guerin,2in 1769, first mentioned the ectasia of the posterior pole. Scarpa,5in 1801, introduced the
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