Pathogenesis of failure in the anastomosis integrity and a prophylactic program in surgical treatment of the colon diseases.

Abstract

Objective. To establish the impact of intraintestinal pressure on the intestinal anastomosis integrity and to propose a prophylactic measures of its insufficiency in surgical treatment of the colon diseases.
 Materials and methods. Intraintestinal pressure was measured in 30 patients, using Waldman method during 72 h postoperatively - before and after the transanal lavage (every 4 h). Primary operation - resection of sigmoid colon with formation of a one-barrel colostomy. The restoration intervention was performed in 3 mo with formation of a large-bowel anastomosis in accordance to the method elaborated (n=17), hand-made two-layered large-bowel anastomosis (n=3), and the apparatus large-bowel anastomosis (n=10).
 Results. There was noted the intraintestinal pressure raising during first 24 - 36 h up to (5.3 ± 0.1) mm Hg with its further lowering during 12 - 20 h down to (2.1 ± 0.3) mm Hg. In 20 min after the transanal drain lavage the intraintestinal pressure have lowered by (3.0 ± 1.3) mm Hg, and in 3 - 5 h - gradually raised. While application of a hand-made two-layered large-bowel anastomosis its insufficiency was observed (n=1) and anastomositis (n=1); and in the apparatus large-bowel anastomosis formation - anastomositis (n=1). While disorder of the intestinal suture healing the intraintestinal pressure have raised in 16 - 60 h up to (11.4 ± 0.2) mm Hg with peak at (16.3 - 17.1) mm Hg, which persisted 12 -18 h. Prophylactic measures were directed towards lowering of intraintestinal pressure and elimination of unfavorable local and general factors.
 Conclusion. While persisting noncorrected, the intraintestinal pressure in the 16.3 - 17.1 mm Hg borders during 12 - 18 h leads to complicated course of postoperative period. Direct and nondirect methods of decompression of the interintestinal anastomoses constitutes a basic prophylactic principle for it.