Abstract
Long-term alcohol consumption and gene mutations are the most important causes of chronic pancreatitis. In addition to mutations in acinar genes, such as digestive enzymes and their inhibitors, defects in genes that primarily or exclusively affect the duct cells have also been described in recent years. Genetic changes are found not only in patients with apositive family history (hereditary pancreatitis) but also in so-called idiopathic and, to alesser extent, in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. The coming years will likely show that there are very complex interactions between environmental influences and numerous genetic factors.
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