Abstract
DEFINITION T he word sepsis denotes the presence of microorganisms or their toxins in the bloodstream. Septic shock or the sepsis syndrome describes the systemic response to sepsis, which is manifested by hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg in most studies), hyperthermia or hypothermia, impaired organ perfusion, metabolic abnormalities, and in many patients, progression to multiple organ failure. This article reviews the etiology; epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular effects, pulmonary effects, effects on other organ systems, diagnosis and monitoring, management, and prevention of septic shock.
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