Abstract
A number of pathogenic factors for the development of recurrent urinary tract infection, such as prolonged vaginal colonization with uropathogenic Escherichia coli, nonsecretion of ABH blood-group antigens, impaired local immune response, oestrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women and altered vaginal milieu caused by the use of contraceptives, are involved. Long-term use of antimicrobial agents is the cornerstone of prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection. Other approaches currently used involve self-start (on demand) therapy, oestrogen replacement in postmenopausal women, behavioural changes and alternative therapies, such as acupuncture.
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