Abstract
Gastric and esophageal cancers are among the most lethal human malignancies worldwide. Of all malignancies estimated in Iran (47,100), gastric and esophageal cancers were responsible for 7,800 and 3,500 deaths in 2008 respectively. The present study aimed to provide an image of patho-epidemiological characteristics with their trends during two past decades with emphasis on topographic, morphologic, and some demographic features. In a hospital-based retrospective study in 2009, all pathological reports from esophageal endoscopies and gastric biopsies through a 20 years period (1989-2008) were collected and analyzed in four interval periods (five years each). Also, all eligible samples in hospital archives were enrolled for further testing. Besides, demography, topography and morphology of all samples were determined and analyzed by statistical software. No significant statistical difference was seen in frequency of esophageal and gastric tumors throughout the study. Esophageal cancer cases were older than gastric. Sex ratio was 2.33/1 and men had a higher rate of both esophageal and gastric tumors. Stomach cancer included 64.3% of all cases. Inferior third and end of esophagus were common locations for esophageal tumors whereas proximal stomach was common for gastric tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were common morphological types of tumors in esophagus and stomach respectively. Morphological trends showed an increase of esophageal adenocarcinoma and diffuse/intestinal ratio in stomach cancers. Trends in incidence from gastric cancer decreased based on topographic studies but we could not find a topographical trend toward cardia.
Highlights
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the main cause for mortality and burden worldwide
Morphological trends showed an increase of esophageal adenocarcinoma and diffuse/intestinal ratio in stomach cancers
Incidence rate of esophageal and gastric cardia cancers has risen in recent decades in some regions of the world (Macfarlane et al, 1994; Devesa et al, 1998; Botterweck et al, 2000; Newnham et al, 2003; Zhou et al, 2008) but in some reports, incidence of esophageal cancer has not largely changed (Aragones et al, 2010)
Summary
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the main cause for mortality and burden worldwide. From all malignancies in Iran (47,100), gastric and esophageal cancers were responsible for 7,800 and 3,500 death in 2008 respectively. In Iran, cancer registry has a short history and information on esophageal and gastric cancers with pathological characteristics is limited to different local researches with relatively small sample size, different methods and diverse results (Abdi-Rad et al, 2006; Bafandeh et al, 2006; Moghimi-Dehkordi et al, 2008; Mousavi and Somi, 2009; Babaei et al, 2010). Of all malignancies estimated in Iran (47,100), gastric and esophageal cancers were responsible for 7,800 and 3,500 deaths in 2008 respectively. The present study aimed to provide an image of patho-epidemiological characteristics with their trends during two past decades with emphasis on topographic, morphologic, and some demographic features.
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