Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process of joining materials layer by layer to fabricate products based on 3D models. Due to the layer-by-layer nature of AM, parts with complex geometries, integrated assemblies, customized geometry or multifunctional designs can now be manufactured more easily than traditional subtractive manufacturing. Path planning in AM is an important step in the process of manufacturing products. The final fabricated qualities, properties, etc., will be different when using different path strategies, even using the same AM machine and process parameters. Currently, increasing research studies have been published on path planning strategies with different aims. Due to the rapid development of path planning in AM and various newly proposed strategies, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on this topic. Therefore, this paper gives a comprehensive understanding of the current status and challenges of AM path planning. This paper reviews and discusses path planning strategies in three categories: improving printed qualities, saving materials/time and achieving objective printed properties. The main findings of this review include: new path planning strategies can be developed by combining some of the strategies in literature with better performance; a path planning platform can be developed to help select the most suitable path planning strategy with required properties; research on path planning considering energy consumption can be carried out in the future; a benchmark model for testing the performance of path planning strategies can be designed; the trade-off among different fabricated properties can be considered as a factor in future path planning design processes; and lastly, machine learning can be a powerful tool to further improve path planning strategies in the future.
Highlights
IntroductionAdditive manufacturing (AM) technologies ( known as rapid prototyping, 3D printing, solid freeform fabrication, etc.) have been developed for more than 30 years [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been developed for more than 30 years [1,2,3,4,5,6]
We previously proposed a support interface path planning strategy for easy part removal after fabrication in direct energy deposition processes [85]
Summary
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies ( known as rapid prototyping, 3D printing, solid freeform fabrication, etc.) have been developed for more than 30 years [1,2,3,4,5,6]. AM technology is mainly divided into seven categories: material extrusion, material jetting, powder bed fusion, binder jetting, vat photopolymerization, directed energy deposition and sheet lamination [15,16,17] Among these seven AM techniques, material extrusion, material jetting, powder bed fusion, binder jetting, vat photopolymerization and directed energy deposition need a deposition path moving along the 3D model to fabricate the final product. As a rapidly evolving manufacturing technology, new additive manufacturing technologies are being developed and will most likely continue to be developed in the future It is, perhaps timely that a review of the topic with regard to path planning is performed, so that newly developed additive manufacturing technologies can exploit the most apposite strategies with better performance. The article reviews the differing strategies of path planning, based on different objectives It gives an outlook onto potential future research directions
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