Abstract
This article proposes receiver spatial diversity propagation path-loss channel models based on real-field measurement campaigns that were conducted in a line-of-site (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) indoor laboratory environment at 2.4 GHz. We apply equal gain power combining (EGC), coherent and noncoherent techniques, on the received signal powers. Our empirical data is used to propose spatial diversity propagation path-loss channel models using the log-distance and the floating intercept path-loss models. The proposed models indicate logarithmic-like reduction in the path-loss values as the number of diversity antennas increases. In the proposed spatial diversity empirical path-loss models, the number of diversity antenna elements is directly accounted for, and it is shown that they can accurately estimate the path-loss for any generalized number of receiving antenna elements for a given measurement setup. In particular, the floating intercept-based diversity path-loss model is vital to the 3GPP and WINNER II standards since they are widely utilized in multi-antenna-based communication systems.
Highlights
Diversity is a robust communication technique utilized in modern wireless systems to improve the quality of the received signals and to ensure a better link performance
The SNR enhancements over a flat Rayleigh fading channel as a function of the number of diversity antennas combined for these three techniques reveal that equal gain power combining (EGC) has slightly less SNR gain enhancement compared to maximal ratio combining (MRC) [1]
The proposed diversity models are developed based on the well-known log-distance and floating intercept models and they incorporate the number of receiving diversity antennas directly in the path-loss estimation
Summary
Diversity is a robust communication technique utilized in modern wireless systems to improve the quality of the received signals and to ensure a better link performance. The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems employed multiple spatial antenna elements at both the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX) sides to boost signal level and to increase the SNR. The works in [8,9,10,11,12] presented path-loss models for MIMO systems; these models do not have any term that accounts for the effect of the number of receiving diversity antennas. This work proposes a receiver spatial diversity propagation pathloss channel model based on the FIM at 2.4 GHz. We present a comprehensive analysis of our path-loss measurement data that were collected in an indoor environment at 2.4 GHz. The proposed receiver spatial diversity models present terms that account for the effects of the number of receiving antenna elements in the path-loss equations.
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