Abstract
The packets carried along a pre-defined route in underwater sensor networks are very vulnerble. Node mobility or intermittent channel availability easily leads to unreachable routing. Opportunistic routing has been proven to be a promising paradigm to design routing protocols for underwater sensor networks. It takes advantage of the broadcast nature of the wireless medium to combat packet losses and selects potential paths on the fly. Finding an appropriate forwarding candidate set is a key issue in opportunistic routing. Many existing solutions ignore the impact of candidates location distribution on packet forwarding. In this paper, a path diversity improved candidate selection strategy is applied in opportunistic routing to improve packet forwarding efficiency. It not only maximizes the packet forwarding advancements but also takes the candidate’s location distribution into account. Based on this strategy, we propose two effective routing protocols: position improved candidates selection (PICS) and position random candidates selection (PRCS). PICS employs two-hop neighbor information to make routing decisions. PRCS only uses one-hop neighbor information. Simulation results show that both PICS and PRCS can significantly improve network performance when compared with the previous solutions, in terms of packet delivery ratio, average energy consumption and end-to-end delay.
Highlights
Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) have attracted strong attention from both researchers and industry in fields such as oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, assisted navigation, tactical surveillance, marine fish farms, etc. [1,2,3,4]
We propose two effective location-free routing protocols, position improved candidates selection (PICS) and position random candidates selection (PRCS), for UWSNs based on the path diversity improved strategy
PRCS only needs one-hop neighbor information supported by the beacon period, while two-hop neighbor information is exchanged in PICS, EPA and Opportunistic void avoidance routing (OVAR)
Summary
Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) have attracted strong attention from both researchers and industry in fields such as oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, assisted navigation, tactical surveillance, marine fish farms, etc. [1,2,3,4]. Candidate set selection plays a significant role in OR protocols It handles selecting a subset of neighboring nodes to continue to forward the packet toward the destination [6]. The EPA-based method can provide good solutions to against the underwater unreliable communication channel, a major issue is ignoring the effect of candidates location distribution and candidate set size on path reliability. We propose two effective location-free routing protocols, position improved candidates selection (PICS) and position random candidates selection (PRCS), for UWSNs based on the path diversity improved strategy. When the neighbor nodes receive the packets, they first check the header of the packet If they belong to the current candidate set, they will forward the packets based on the coordination scheme.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
