Path Analysis on the Fad Diets and other Factors Affecting the Risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency among Adolescent Females at the Boarding School

Abstract

Background: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a state of lack of energy and protein in­take that las­ts for a long time continuously and causes health problems. The purpose of this study was to ana­­­lyze the factors underlying the CED events in fe­­male students in boarding schools in Yogya­karta students. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic ob­ser­­­vational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at the Yogyakarta Stu­dent Islamic Boar­­ding School. A sample of 200 female adolescents aged 19-24 years was selected by simple ran­dom sampling. The dependent vari­able was CED. The independent variables were body image per­cep­­­tion, energy intake, protein intake, fad diets, body mass index (BMI), stress, and nutritional know­ledge. The data were mea­­­­sured by digital weight scale, microtoise, mid­­­line, and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis run on STATA 13. Results: CED in female ado­lescent was directly increased with negative body image perception (b= 0.83; 95% CI= 0.02 to 1.65; p= 0.044), fad diet (b= 1.37; 95% CI= 0.54 to 2.21;­ p<0.001), and severe stress (b= 1.94; 95% CI= 1.08 to 2.82; p< 0.001). CED was directly decreased with high energy intake (b= -1.18; 95% CI= -1.99 to -0.37; p= 0.005), high pro­tein intake (b= -1.20; 95% CI= -2.22 to -0.19; p= 0.020), high nutritional knowledge (b= -0.83; 95% CI= -1.62 to -0.05; p= 0.038), and high BMI (b= -3.03; 95% CI= -5.15 to -0.90; p= 0.005). CED was indirectly associated with fad diets and stress through BMI. Conclusion: in female ado­lescent is directly increased with negative body image perception, fad diet, and stress. CED is directly decreased with high energy intake, high pro­tein intake, high nutritional knowledge, and high BMI. CED is indirectly associated with fad diets and stress through BMI. Keywords: chronic energy deficiency, fad diet, path analysis Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 5(3): 251-264 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.03.04