Path Analysis on the Effect of Hormonal Contraceptive Use on the Risk of Depression in Women of Reproductive Age in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta

Abstract

Background: The choice of contraceptive use is based on regulating birth spacing or those who no longer want offspring. Although hor­mo­nal contraceptives have been available for more than 50 years, many do not know that hor­monal contraceptives also have psy­cho­lo­gi­cal effects on hormonal contraceptives and their biological mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the effect of hormonal family planning on symptoms of depression in women of re­pro­duc­tive age in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Gunungkidul, Yogya­karta, from December 2019 to January 2020. A sample of 200 women of re­pro­ductive age was selected by pur­po­sive sampling. The dependent variable was depression symptoms in women of repro­duc­tive age. In contrast, the independent varia­bles were education, age, duration of use, em­ploy­ment status, family income, and hor­monal contra­ceptives. Data were collected using the Beck Depression Inventor II (BDI II) ques­tion­naire and analyzed with path analysis using the Stata 1.3 application. Results: The incidence of depression sym­ptoms in women of reproductive age increased with duration of use ≥36 months (b= 1.84; 95% CI= 0.86 to 2.83; p <0.001) and contraceptives use (b= 1.31; 95% CI= 0.47 to 2.15; p= 0.001). The incidence of depression symptoms in women of reproductive age decreased with age ≥29 years (b= -2.05; 95% CI= -3.04 to -1.07; p= <0.001), family income ≥ IDR 1,571,000 (b= -3.06; 95% CI= - 3.06 to -1.41; p<0.001), ≥high school edu­cation (b= -1.67; CI 95%= -2.54 to -0.18; p= <0.001), and employment status (work outside the home) (b= -0.98; CI95 %= -1.78 to -0.18; p= 0.016). Conclusion: Duration of use, contraceptive use, age, family income, education, employ­ment status affect depression symptoms in wo­men of reproductive age. Keywords: ­ hormonal contraceptives, dep­res­sion symptoms, path analysis Correspondence: Neta Afriyanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: neta.­fri­yan­ti16­@­gmail.­com Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 05(06): 651-662 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.06.05.