Abstract
Abstract Genomic alterations and molecular subgroups between extracranial disease sites and brain metastases often differ, yet the prevalence and clinical significance of divergent evolution in brain metastases is not fully understood. This study examined genomic alterations and molecular subgroup divergence rates between matched brain metastases and extracranial disease sites. A retrospective, two-center study was conducted on patients who underwent resection of brain metastases between 2014-2022 with clinical and matched genomic data and/or molecular markers available. The overall cohort comprised 256 patients with matched tumors from multiple cancer types, most commonly from breast (n=108, 42.2%), melanoma (n=83, 32.4%), and NSCLC (n=43, 16.8%). Targeted next-generation sequencing of over 500 oncogenes was performed on resected tumors as part of clinical care (n=41 patients with matched specimens). Molecular subgroups for breast, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer were also assessed by immunohistochemistry to evaluate rates of molecular subgroup discordance between sites. Subgroup discordance by immunohistochemistry was observed most frequently across breast cancer (22.2%, n=24/108) with loss of the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and gain of HER2 most frequently observed within brain metastases. Molecular subgroup discordance was rare within melanoma (7.3%, n=6/82) and NSCLC (14.0%, n=6/43) patients. When evaluating oncogenomic alterations from targeted DNA sequencing in 41 patients with matched specimens, 80.5% (33/41) of brain metastases demonstrated a unique oncogene alteration profile compared to an extracranial disease site. Fourteen patients (34.1%) had a gain of at least 1 targetable alteration within a brain metastasis that was not observed in an extracranial disease site. Brain metastases demonstrated high rates of genomic divergence compared to primary and extracranial metastatic disease sites. This data supports obtaining brain metastasis tissue and conducting molecular profiling of this tissue to help select optimal CNS penetrant systemic therapies for each patient.
Published Version
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