Paternal genome elimination promotes altruism in viscous populations.

Abstract

Population stieveness has lang been thocht tae forder the evolution o altruism. Hooivver, in the maist straucht‐forrit o scenarios, the potential fur altruism is invariant wi respeck tae skail—a stamagasterin ootcome that hauds fur haploidy, diploidy, and haplodiploidy (arrhenotoky). Here we pit forrit a kin‐walin model fur tae airt‐oot hoo population stieveness affects the potential fur altruism in species wi male paternal genome drap‐oot (PGD), takkin tent o altruism enactit by baith females and males, forby baith young‐anes and aulder‐anes. We find that: 1) PGD forders altruistic ongauns relative tae the ither inheritance seestems, forby tae a degree that depends on the extent o paternal genome kythin. 2) Unner PGD, skail maks mair muckle the potential fur altruism amang young‐anes and gars it less likely amang aulder‐anes. 3) The genetics o PGD can lead tae kenspeckle differences in sex‐specific potentials fur altruism, even wioot onie sex‐differences in ecology.