Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the TT between university-industry from a Brazilian perspective, with special reference on the university Intellectual Property – IP and TT legal instruments. The methodology was designed on a quantitative approach aiming to provide a better understanding of the problem. Secondary data collection was performed through documentary analysis that aims to identify and quantify the variables related to patents, licensing and TT agreements. Later, data are grouped, classified and treated, which allowed inference and interpretation. The results show that the TT between university-industry is in an embryonic stage in Brazil, even if occurred a considerable increase of IP required over the last few years. In this context, it is possible to affirm that the academic research outcomes are not being absorbed in an effective way by the industries, and, as a consequence, just an insignificant percentage of the patents go to the market.
Highlights
The role of university has become very dynamic and challenging in the last three decades, considering that the university is expected to assume a more active role in the regional and national economic development (Piirainen, Andersen, & Andersen, 2016)
One of the best ways to promote the innovation country capacity is through university-industry interactions, where the university carries out the TT from academic research outcomes to industries that previously were unaware of them, to put into operation new products or processes of transformation, or manufacturing (OECD, 2007)
This type of contract represented a decline over the years, representing 4.7% in 2011, 1.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% in the following years. This is probably a reflex of the difficult to carry out new contracts of biological material due to the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2010 which established legal marks for the development of biodiversity activities (Brazil, 2015). These results show that the TT between university-industry is in an embryonic stage in Brazil, requiring research efforts and financial investments to reach the product even if occurred a considerable increase of IP required over the last few years (Póvoa, 2010)
Summary
The role of university has become very dynamic and challenging in the last three decades, considering that the university is expected to assume a more active role in the regional and national economic development (Piirainen, Andersen, & Andersen, 2016). It is when new ideas are raised from academic research outcomes becoming a concrete product ready to go to the market (Shane, 2002; Warren, Kitagawa, & Eatough, 2010) In this context, there is a growing international attention to the importance of innovation generated by university-industry relationships (Siegel et al, 2007). Governments in many developed and developing countries are encouraging universities to improve innovation activities through policies designed to promote and maintain university-industry interaction It is the goal of improving the capacity to generate and transfer new technologies based on knowledge and skills of these organizations (Wahab et al, 2012; Ranga & Etzkowitz, 2013).
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