Patency and Complications of Arterio-venous Fistula Created in Pre- and Post-dialysis Settings.

Abstract

To determine the difference in patency and complication rates of arterio-venous fistula (AVF) constructed in pre-dialysis versus post-dialysis settings. Descriptive study. The Department of Vascular Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad from January 2014 to August 2020. Computerised record of 726 patients, who had undergone vascular access surgery for haemodialysis, was collected. Patients were divided into two groups according to those who had undergone AVF surgery: a) prior to the commencement; or b) after the commencement of haemodialysis. Primary and secondary patency rates were determined clinically by using duplex scans. Complications and suitability of AV fistula were assessed in both the groups. Data was collected and analysed using SPSS version 25, considering p-value of less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Early fistula failure was significantly higher in post-dialysis group compared with pre-dialysis group, while primary patency was higher in pre-dialysis (78.2%) group comparing with post-dialysis (66.1%) group. Secondary patency was 88.9% and 75.8% in pre- and post-dialysis groups, respectively. Early dialysis suitability failure rates were 12.2% and 15.1%; and late suitability failure rates were 7.9% and 16.1% in the pre- and post-dialysis groups, respectively. Higher rates of complications like maturation failure, low flow AVF, stenosis, thrombosis, venous hypertension, AV aneurysm, and infections were encountered in post-dialysis group compared to pre-dialysis group. Surgical creation of AVF three months prior to commencement of haemodialysis is advantageous in terms of patient outcomes and healthcare resources. However, a multidisciplinary approach and timely referral of patients to a vascular clinic further enhances the outcome with respect to the suitability of vascular access for dialysis. Arterio-venous fistula, Dialysis, Patency, Complications, Suitability.