Pasture and industrial aquaculture as actual elements of the use of hydro and heat power facilities

Abstract

Aquaculture products provide about 58% of the total production of aquatic ecosystems. The global trend of population growth, increasing the press on the environment, the requirements for improving the quality of life and consuming products make the trend of growth in aquaculture products sustainable both in the world and in Russia. The role of abiotic environmental factors in the life of fish is enormous. Thus, the water temperature determines the intensity of metabolism and is a natural stimulus determining the onset of spawning migration of fish. The water temperature has a very important effect on the vital activity of the organism, in particular, on metabolic processes, on the behavior and distribution of organisms. Since the beginning of the 20th century, aquaculture has been closely linked to the development of energy. At the first stage - with hydropower, and then with thermal power. If the use of water reservoirs - hydropower facilities is based on extensive technologies that are related to pasture aquaculture, aquaculture farms - live fish farms - highly intensive industrial farms. These areas of aquaculture development coexist and complement each other. Modern pasture fish farming today is not possible without the release of valuable species of fish to form a species composition of ichthyocenoses. At the same time, the development of highly industrial commodity farms implies the use as a brood of individuals of valuable species of fish seized from the natural environment to improve the genetic characteristics of juveniles. At the present time, there is an increase in the range of fish grown due to the use of warm waste waters of energy facilities.