Abstract
Pastoral Farming Ethics and Economics-Aligning Grazing Practices and Expectations.
Highlights
We all generally value animal welfare–what animals experience, how they perform or whether they are being treated with respect–is important to them and to us
Land use has changed from the time of hunter-gatherers and nomadic pastoralists, to extensive and intensive settled pastoralism, and industrial or factory farming [70]. This has shaped human activities from earliest times [71], enabling many people to live without being directly involved in raising and killing animals for food. These changes have undoubtedly contributed to the different values, preferences and prejudices people have toward the rightful place of animals in society
The examples described in this chapter illustrate some of the contested issues in animal welfare, tensions borne of animals being compromised for human benefit, whether they are for reasons of financial costs, environmental degradation, or practicality
Summary
We all generally value animal welfare–what animals experience, how they perform or whether they are being treated with respect–is important to them and to us. Contested is what we think and understand is important to animals, and whether the way animals are farmed is in keeping with their nature. Few people see the world as exclusively human and most extend concern to animals, plants and the environment, giving rise to different animal-related values, the “rules” and “expectations” we learn from parents and family life, friends, religion, our trades, and professions, the literature, media, the society we live in and its history. The purpose is to reveal the complexity of the subject and how this gives rise to different views or perspectives informed by different values, and how we engage and evaluate those views
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