Past, present, and future of total artificial heart development at research institute of replacement medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine.

Abstract

The history and recent progress in total artificial heart (TAH) development were reviewed and divided into three stages. The first stage was between 1966 and 1972, when a trial developing an artificial heart (AH) driver was begun using poppet valves. Fluid amplifiers and air operated valves were then employed as a controller. The second stage was between 1973 and 1983. Several models of pneumatic AH were manufactured and implanted into animals, and it was confirmed that animals could survive with their circulation supported by these mechanical hearts. The third stage was from 1984 to the present, and now a trial to construct a totally implantable type of AH is under way. On the basis of the experience of developing TAHs, the following points are discussed as future problems to be solved: first, the production of small yet powerful actuators; second, the establishment of safe and reliable controls and an energy supply method; third, the development of a durable blood chamber containing valves; and fourth, the acquisition of large research funds for TAH from governments and other granting agencies.