Abstract
Past, present and future of seismic metamaterials: experiments on soil dynamics, cloaking, large scale analogue computer and space–time modulations
Highlights
In earthquake engineering, the trapping of seismic waves in natural u-shaped basin filled with very soft sediments remains a major issue such as for Mexico City downtown built on a former drought lake [3]
We browse the main tools to design the smart deep infrastructure of tomorrow, presenting an introduction to the field of seismic metamaterials (Section 1), pointing out some analogous phenomena observed in the field of electromagnetic metamaterials, the well established negative refraction, (Section 2) and cloaking (Section 3), and large scale metamaterials analogues of computers solving integral equations making use of ambient seismic noise (Section 4) and some prediction of non-reciprocal effects for surface seismic waves akin to those in electromagnetic time-modulated media (Section 5) and bridging the two fields via the unifying concept of transformational optics and acoustics
We have made a survey of seismic metamaterials, which is an emergent topic beyond electromagnetic metamaterials [32,33], spanning the scales from hundredths of nanometers to tenths of meters [34]
Summary
The trapping of seismic waves in natural u-shaped basin filled with very soft sediments remains a major issue such as for Mexico City downtown built on a former drought lake [3]. That is exactly what scientific research on wave physics and more precisely, on seismic metamaterials tries to anticipate, asserting that the creation of a small-volume of anisotropic ground, made of a 2D mesh of inclusions inside the bulk, can induce seismic wave-matter interactions [1, 2, 4] with civil engineering purposes The influence of such inclusions in the ground can be characterized in different, complementary, ways by numerical models and site-experiments: wave mode conversion, redistribution of energy within the network with focusing effects, wave reflection, frequency filtering, reduction of the amplitude of seismic signal energy, etc. We will propose some new types of seismic metamaterials, that we coin as seismic computers This bold idea is to make use of mechanical energy of small earthquakes which occur daily, to perform mathematical operations on a large scale at a minimum cost. As a twist of epistemology, it looks like seismic metamaterials were already present in the ancient world, and we will say more about that in the sequel
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