Past and Current Issues in Functional Voice Disorder Classification

Abstract

ABSTRACT This review article examines past and current issues related to Functional Voice Disorders (FVDs) and their classification. FVDs are commonly seen in voice clinics but are diagnosed by exclusion of other pathology. Because of this, FVD etiology is unclear and frequently debated, resulting in inconsistent classification methods. Voice teachers frequently encounter vocalists with FVDs, so a thorough understanding of FVD symptoms is crucial, in order to aid in referral to specialized care and to be supportive when vocalists are undergoing treatment. A narrative literature review of FVD labels and contributing factors is provided, along with new findings and issues with traditional classification systems. Direction on addressing these conditions holistically is provided. Traditional classification systems for FVDs based on supraglottic muscle tension or psychological factors often do not sufficiently explain FVDs for the entirety of this patient population. New studies on neurological underpinnings for FVDs are intriguing, but not enough is known yet to apply them clinically. This review provides insight into the ongoing FVD classification discussion. Further research should center on neurological factors in FVDs and ways to approach FVDs as multifactorial conditions. Further discussions on accurate FVD diagnostic criteria and labels should continue.