Abstract
This letter reports the demonstration of a novel method to passively tune the splitting ratio of a Ti-indiffused lithium niobate (LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) 3-dB directional coupler by the addition of a silicon-rich nitride cladding material. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of such cladding layer onto a coupler alters the effective index of the odd and even modes in the coupled waveguide. By varying the thickness of the thin-film cladding layer, we are able to precisely control the coupling ratio and compensate for variations arising from fabrication tolerances that can significantly impact coupling.
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