Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for human body. However, elevated concentration of manganese causes severe problem and disease. Acid mine drainage (AMD), wastewater generated due to open-pit mining, commonly contains Mn with exceeded concentration. This study is to investigate the improvement of ball-milling modified Indonesian natural bentonite (INB) for manganese (Mn) removal from AMD and to increase the pH through batch and column sorption test as a passive treatment system approach. The batch sorption test result showed the maximum Mn adsorbed (Qm) on INB from the Langmuir model increased from 4.69 to 17.12 mg/g after milling. The column sorption test result also showed the amount of Mn adsorbed on INB until breakthrough time (qu) and until saturation time (q) increased after milling. The qu increased from 1.27 to 10.06 mg/g, and the q increased from 4.55 to 12.91 mg/g. The mass transfer zone (MTZ) became significantly shorter after milling from 0.22 to 0.07 cm. The Thomas model exhibited the equilibrium uptake of Mn (q0) increased after milling from 3.91 to 13.72 mg/g. In equilibrium condition, both unmilled and milled INB showed the pH increased from ≈3 to 8.
Highlights
This study is to investigate the improvement of ball-milling modified Indonesian natural bentonite (INB) for manganese (Mn) removal from Acid mine drainage (AMD) and to increase the pH through batch and column sorption test as a passive treatment system approach
Ball milling on INB has significantly improved the manganese removal from simulated AMD
Batch sorption test result showed better performance after milling with the significant increase of sorption capacity of INB on manganese
Summary
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is mining wastewater generated when the sulfide. Acid mine drainage (AMD) has low or near neutral pH and contains several metals such as iron, manganese, aluminum and other heavy metals with elevated concentration [1] [2] [3]. A coal mining located in Jorong, Tanah Laut district, Province of South Kalimantan, Indonesia is reported contained two metal types in the AMD: Mn and Fe with concentration range 1.7 - 27.2 mg/L for Mn and 0.04 - 3.44 mg/L for Fe with pH 2.54 - 3.41 [4]. The manganese concentration exceeded the quality standard of Indonesian government regulation for mining waste. High concentration of manganese causes serious problems and diseases such as children hyperactive syndrome, parkinson-like disorder, and neurological symptom due to chronic manganese poisoning [6] [7]
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