Abstract
In this research, the evolution of the piezomagnetic field of a low carbon steel under cyclic tensile stress was investigated. The objective was to explore the correlations between piezomagnetic signal measured by a fluxgate magnetometer with progressive changes that take place during the fatigue tests. Experiments show first that the piezomagnetic hysteresis loop changes drastically with the propagation of fatigue crack. A multiscale magneto-elastic model of the piezomagnetic behavior allows secondly the experimental cycles evolution to be explained.
Highlights
The application of a mechanical stress to a ferromagnetic material initially magnetized, even weakly, can lead to a variation of its magnetization
This study is the first insight into a passive piezomagnetic monitoring technique to detect the early stages of fatigue crack growth
Experimental results are consistent with former results performed with low carbon steels
Summary
The application of a mechanical stress to a ferromagnetic material initially magnetized, even weakly, can lead to a variation of its magnetization. This is the so-called Villari effect or piezomagnetic effect.. The magnetization variations depend on stress level, multiaxiality and rate, and on the prior metallurgical-mechanical state of the material and its evolution in use. The magnetic flux leakage methods use the natural magnetization and its time evolution to investigate and characterize the structural integrity of structures. The principle of passive monitoring by piezomagnetic variation of magnetic flux leakage in structures is first detailed. Results are interpreted using a simplified magneto-elastic hysteresis model.
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