Abstract
This paper demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of forward-scatter radar (FSR) target detection based on the signals of opportunity made available by standard radio and TV broadcast transmission stations. This passive FSR (P-FSR) operation is obtained by means of a simple and robust correlation process based on self-mixing. This is shown to be very effective in extracting the characteristic FSR modulation produced by airborne targets, from the signals received from frequency modulated, digital audio broadcasting, and digital video broadcasting transmitters of opportunity. Target detectability is discussed as a function of the carrier frequency, the target size, and its height at the baseline crossing. Experimental results are shown using a wide variety of sources of opportunity, target types, baselines, and receiver configurations. The target signatures obtained from the different illuminators are compared and ways of extracting the kinematic parameters of the aircraft are discussed. This validates the claimed effectiveness and robustness of the P-FSR with the presented processing scheme.
Highlights
Forward-Scatter radar (FSR) is a subclass of bistatic radar, defined by the bistatic angle (β) close to 180° [1], [2] so that transmitter and receiver are facing each other and the target is close to the line between them
Such geometry is unfavourable for conventional passive bistatic radar processing, yet target detection is still possible by exploiting the P-FSR target signature processing proposed in this paper
The effectiveness of the passive FSR detection has been demonstrated by exploiting broadcast transmitters of opportunity
Summary
Forward-Scatter radar (FSR) is a subclass of bistatic radar, defined by the bistatic angle (β) close to 180° [1], [2] so that transmitter and receiver are facing each other and the target is close to the line between them. As in the SAR case, this method generates “cross-range” (cross baseline) information, but as the target is known to be moving and the radar stationary, the FSR case yields cross-range speed rather than cross-range position In this approach to FSR target detection the Doppler processing is preceded by a conventional “matched filter” in the fast-time domain. It presents initial results of the ongoing research It demonstrates the feasibility and practical applicability of P-FSR using: digital video broadcasting-terrestrial—DVB-T [9], digital audio broadcasting—DAB [10], and frequency modulated— FM [11] waveforms of opportunity to detect airborne targets and estimate target speed.
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