Abstract
This contribution reviews the challenges of imaging collisional orogens, focusing on the example of the Pyrenean domain. Indeed, important progresses have been accomplished regarding our understanding of the architecture of this mountain range over the last decades, thanks to the development of innovative passive imaging techniques, relying on a more thorough exploitation of the information in seismic signals, as well as new seismic acquisitions. New tomographic images provide evidence for continental subduction of Iberian crust beneath the western and central Pyrénées, but not beneath the eastern Pyrénées. Relics of a Cretaceous hyper-extended and segmented rift are found within the North Pyrenean Zone, where the imaged crust is thinner (10–25 km). This zone of thinned crust coincides with a band of positive Bouguer anomalies that is absent in the Eastern Pyrénées. Overall, the new tomographic images provide further support to the idea that the Pyrénées result from the inversion of hyperextended segmented rift systems.
Highlights
Whereas surface geology of most mountain belts located in Western Europe has been mapped in detail, their internal structure remains elusive
To increase the data coverage both laterally and in depth, we considered a model for a larger region, using arrival time data from the large-N experiment and from a regional dataset of earthquakes in the western Pyrénées recorded by permanent stations of the monitoring networks and by the temporary stations described in Sections 3.1 and 3.2
Thanks to a decade of new seismic acquisitions and geophysical studies in the Pyrénées from which the OROGEN project took a significant role, important progresses have been achieved in our understanding of the deep architecture of this mountain range
Summary
Whereas surface geology of most mountain belts located in Western Europe has been mapped in detail, their internal structure remains elusive. The moderate convergence (
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