Abstract
There are broadly three channels to probe axionlike particles (ALPs) produced in the laboratory: through their subsequent decay to Standard Model (SM) particles, their scattering with SM particles, or their subsequent conversion to photons. Decay and scattering are the most commonly explored channels in beam-dump type experiments, while conversion has typically been utilized by light-shining-through-wall (LSW) experiments. A new class of experiments, dubbed PASSAT (particle accelerator helioscopes for slim axionlike-particle detection), has been proposed to make use of the ALP-to-photon conversion in a novel way: ALPs, after being produced in a beam-dump setup, turn into photons in a magnetic field placed near the source. It has been shown that such hybrid beam-dump-helioscope experiments can probe regions of parameter space that have not been investigated by other laboratory-based experiments, hence providing complementary information; in particular, they probe a fundamentally different region than decay or LSW experiments. We propose the implementation of PASSAT in future neutrino experiments, taking a DUNE-like experiment as an example. We demonstrate that the magnetic field in the planned DUNE multipurpose detector is already capable of probing the ALP-photon coupling down to ${g}_{a\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{few}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for ALP masses ${m}_{a}\ensuremath{\lesssim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$. The implementation of a CAST or BabyIAXO-like magnet would improve the sensitivity down to ${g}_{a\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Highlights
Motivated by the strong CP problem, QCD axions have been proposed [1,2,3] and experimentally searched for over the past several decades [4,5]
Our proposal shows competitive sensitivity in different regions of parameter space, providing complementarity in the search for laboratoryproduced axionlike particles (ALPs). When it comes to Scheme II, where we propose reusing the magnets of CAST or BabyIAXO, we expect that the sensitivity reaches will be improved by at least a factor of few and up to an order of magnitude, compared to that of multi-purpose detector (MPD) at a Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE)-like experiment
We have discussed possible implementations of the idea of PASSAT proposed in Ref. [38] in future beam neutrino experiments, and have investigated the parameter space of ALP at a DUNE-like experiment, using the ALP-photon coupling
Summary
Motivated by the strong CP problem, QCD axions have been proposed [1,2,3] and experimentally searched for over the past several decades [4,5]. A new class of experiments, called particle accelerator helioscopes for slim axionlike-particle detection, or PASSAT as shorthand [38], has been proposed to utilize the conversion mechanism in a novel way: ALPs, after being produced by a particle beam on a target, convert to photons in a magnetic field placed near the source. Such hybrid beamdump-helioscope experiments have been shown to probe regions of parameter space that have not been probed by other laboratory-based experiments; in particular, they can probe a fundamentally different region than decay or LSW experiments (see Fig. 4). Some calculation details relevant for the ALP production are relegated to Appendix
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