Abstract
This chapter explores the role that political party activity plays in a country's commitment to pursuing an ambitious climate policy. By focusing on party politics, which is subject to periodic elections that may change the partisan composition of government, an explanation for variable ambition by member state governments will become apparent. The chapter seeks to highlight the impact that party ideology and policy positions as well as relations with parties' societal allies have on a country's position as a climate leader. Understanding the development of the European Union's (EU) climate mitigation policy has involved an analysis of inter-governmental negotiations over Commission proposals. As the EU's climate and energy policy developed since 2000, it is the tripartite policy mix of carbon emission reduction, increasing the share of renewable energies, and energy efficiency that has provided a framework for national policies to adapt their own policy goals.
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