Abstract
In this article, optimization of extraction conditions of different parts from the life cycle of H.erinaceus was investigated based on Response Surface Method. Furthermore, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial effects of optimized extracts were studied. Results: Temperature, liquid / solid ratio, and solvent concentration significantly affected the phenolic content and antioxidant capacities of all samples. The young fruit body of H.erinaceus had higher antioxidant (43.11±2.74, 51.39±2.34, 62.84±1.59 µmol TE/g for DPPH, FRAP and ABTS, respectively) and antidiabetic effects (93.54±2.3 and 132.25±1.38 µg/mL for IC50 values of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively) than mycelium. However, these effects partially decrease as the fruit body ages. Besides, the optimized extracts exhibited more antimicrobial effects on Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: Both the fruit body and the mycelium of H.erinaceus have many bio-functional properties. However, these properties of the fruit body decrease significantly with the delay of the harvest time. The extraction process conditions we optimize in this study can be adapted to large-scale separation processes in the industry.
Highlights
Hericium erinaceus is an edible medicinal mushroom species in the Hericiaceae family
The objectives of this work were; to optimize extraction processes of mycelium and fruit body of H.erinaceus according to the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach, and to determine and compare the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects of optimized extracts
Preliminary experiments based on the highest DPPH and TPC were performed to determine the best solvent among ethanol, methanol, acetone, and distilled water for young fruit body (YFB). 1 gram of dry sample obtained as described in the previous sections was mixed with 20 mL of solvent having 80% concentration and incubated at 45 °C for 60 min
Summary
Hericium erinaceus is an edible medicinal mushroom species in the Hericiaceae family. P. Kim et al, 2011), antimicrobial (Wong et al, 2009), and antihyperglycemic (Wang et al, 2005) These components in H.erinaceus are found both in the fruit body and in the mycelia. Mycelial biomass can be produced in a short time with high efficiency with the technique of submerge fermentation (Fang and Zhong, 2002) Whether it is mycelium or the fruit body, H.erinaceus has significant effects on human health, which has rapidly increased its use in food supplements in recent years. The objectives of this work were; to optimize extraction processes of mycelium and fruit body (with two different maturity stages) of H.erinaceus according to the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity based on RSM approach, and to determine and compare the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects of optimized extracts
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