Abstract
We point out a problem of the phenomenological definition of the valence partons as the difference between the partons and antipartons in the context of the NNLO evolution equations. After demonstrating that the classification of the parton degrees of freedom (PDF) of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) are the same in the QCD path-intergral formulations of the hadronic tensor and the quasi-PDF with LaMET, we resolve the problem by showing that the proper definition of the valence should be in terms of those in the connected insertions only. We also prove that the strange partons appear as the disconnected sea in the nucleon.
Highlights
Partonic structure of the nucleon has been discovered and extensively studied in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) of leptons
In this work, that the problems posed by the phenomenological definition of the valence parton as q − qin NNLO evolution is resolved by the appropriate valence definition which involves only the parton and antipartons in the connected insertions from the QCD Euclidean pathintegral formulation of the hadronic tensor and the Feynman-x approaches to parton degrees of freedom (PDF)
Since the path-integral formulation affords the separation of the connected and disconnected insertions, a salient feature of the formulation, a total of 11 parton degrees of freedom are revealed, which are more than the ones (7 which are u; u ; d; d ; s; s, and g) from the existing global analyses
Summary
Partonic structure of the nucleon has been discovered and extensively studied in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) of leptons. For parton evolution, there is a term in the splitting function which will generate sðxÞ − sasymmetry This involves a quark loop with three gluon lines attached to it. The question: there iRs no net strangeness in the nucleon When and if q−i is interpreted as the valence distribution, the second term on the right of Eq (1) implies that the valence distributions of d and s can affect the evolution of the valence u parton This appears to be contradictory to the fact that there is no flavor-changing couplings in QCD between the valence quarks.
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