Abstract
Analysis of genetic main effects and genotype x environment (GE) interaction effects on the oil content of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was conducted by using a genetic model for the quantitative traits of seeds in diploid plants. The experiments were carried out over two years with 8 parents and a diallel mating design, which produced F1 and F2 generations. We found that the oil content of rape was simultaneously controlled by embryo genetic effect, cytoplasmic effects and maternal genetic effect as well as GE interaction effects, with the cytoplasmic and maternal effects playing the main role. The results indicate that selection of maternal plants for high oil content would be more efficient than selection based on single seeds. Since the GE interaction effects accounted for 73.69% of the total genetic effects and were more important than the genetic main effects it seems that selection might be influenced by environmental conditions. The estimate of narrow-sense heritability for oil content was 73.52% with the interaction heritability being larger than the general heritability, indicating that the early generations can be used for selection for high oil content. The prediction of genetic effects suggested that the parent cultivars Youcai 601 and Gaoyou 605 were better than the other cultivars for increasing oil content during the breeding of B. napus. The implications for the quantitative trait loci mapping of seed traits interfered by these three genetic systems is also discussed.
Highlights
High oil content is always one of the most important aims in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding programs, and genetic information on the quantitative traits involved will help breeders construct effective breeding procedures for developing new rape varieties with high oil content
The oil content of rape is an important quantitative trait influenced by environmental conditions (Jensen et al, 1996; Gutierrez Boem et al, 1996) but phenotypic variation in oil content is mainly controlled by the genotype and genetic and environmental (GE) interaction effects
A similar situation occurred with the F1 and F2 generations and since the ranges and the means of the each generation fluctuated between the two years (Figure 1), the performance of the generations in terms of oil content could be affected by the genotype and influenced by environmental conditions
Summary
High oil content is always one of the most important aims in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding programs, and genetic information on the quantitative traits involved will help breeders construct effective breeding procedures for developing new rape varieties with high oil content. The oil content of rape is an important quantitative trait influenced by environmental conditions (Jensen et al, 1996; Gutierrez Boem et al, 1996) but phenotypic variation in oil content is mainly controlled by the genotype and genetic and environmental (GE) interaction effects. In the present paper we used genetic models for quantitative traits of seeds in diploid plants to evaluate both the genetic main effects and GE interaction effects of embryo, cytoplasm and maternal plants and to estimate the heritabilities and breeding merit of parents used for improving the oil content of rape
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