Abstract
This paper presents a numerical investigation on the 2D uniaxial die compaction of TiC-316L stainless steel (abbreviated by 316L) composite powders by the multiparticle finite element method (MPFEM). The effects of TiC-316L particle size ratios, TiC contents, and initial packing structures on the compaction process are systematically characterized and analyzed from macroscale and particulate scale. Numerical results show that different initial packing structures have significant impacts on the densification process of TiC-316L composite powders; a denser initial packing structure with the same composition can improve the compaction densification of TiC-316L composite powders. Smaller size ratio of 316L and TiC particles (R316L/RTiC = 1) will help achieve the green compact with higher relative density as the TiC content and compaction pressure are fixed. Meanwhile, increasing TiC content reduces the relative density of the green compact. In the dynamic compaction process, the void filling is mainly completed by particle rearrangement and plastic deformation of 316L particles. Furthermore, the contacted TiC particles will form the force chains impeding the densification process and cause the serious stress concentration within them. Increasing TiC content and R316L/RTiC can create larger stresses in the compact. The results provide valuable information for the formation of high-quality TiC-316L compacts in PM process.
Highlights
316L stainless steel has increasingly wide utilization in automobile, aerospace, marine, and medical treatment field owing to its outstanding properties of corrosion resistance, ductility, and biocompatibility
With the increase of R316L/RTiC, more voids are formed among the contacting titanium carbide (TiC) particles due to their large number. ese voids are difficult to be fully filled, resulting in a lower relative density of the final compact
More voids are formed among the contacting TiC particles than those among the contacting 316L and TiC particles. e increasing particle size ratio of 316L and TiC will decrease the relative density of the final compact and aggravate the distribution uniformity of relative density, which is harmful to the mechanical properties of the TiC-316L composites. erefore, the optimal particle size ratio of 316L and TiC and proper TiC content are of great importance to effectively strengthen the 316L matrix
Summary
316L stainless steel (abbreviated by 316L) has increasingly wide utilization in automobile, aerospace, marine, and medical treatment field owing to its outstanding properties of corrosion resistance, ductility, and biocompatibility. It is not efficient enough when the strength and wear resistance are both needed [1,2,3]. In order to obtain the TiC-316L composites with superior property and investigate the influence of material properties and PM processing parameters on its physical and mechanical performance, a large amount of research work has been carried out. Pagounis and Lindroos [4] fabricated 316L composites with different ceramic particulates as reinforcement by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), and the mechanical properties of these
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