Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a cause of chronic cough occurrence in adult patients. In order to clear the relationship between transboundary transport of PAH and health effects, this study investigates the relationship between atmospheric particulate PAHs (p-PAHs), cough occurrence by epidemiological research, and meteorological conditions using a chemical transport model. Source receptor relationship (SRR) analysis revealed that a higher cough occurrence was caused by exposure to high p-PAH levels in air masses transported from central China (CCHN, 30–40° N) under westerly conditions. The p-PAHs transported from northern China (NCHN, >40° N) and the eastern part of Russia (ERUS) under north-westerly conditions also contributed to cough occurrence. The low equivalent potential temperature (ePT) and geopotential height anomaly suggested that the p-PAHs emitted near the surface were suppressed to upward transport under the colder air mass but were instead transported horizontally near the surface in the boundary layer, resulting in high p-PAH concentrations arriving in Kanazawa. Our study’s findings suggest that the air mass transport pattern associated with meteorology strongly influences the high p-PAH concentrations causing adult chronic cough occurrence.
Highlights
Exposure to ambient gaseous air pollutants and particulate matter (PM) has been associated with various adverse health effects [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The relative contribut from NCHN reached 62%, followed by that from eastern part of Russia (ERUS), which was estimated as 17 These results suggest that the increase in p-Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kanazawa was caused by the tra Atmosphere 2021, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW Atmosphere 2021, 12, 1163
According to epidemiological research [14], exposure to the atmospheric particulate PAHs (p-PAHs) observed in Kanazawa, a coastal site of the Sea of Japan, induces the chronic cough occurrence in adult patients
Summary
Exposure to ambient gaseous air pollutants and particulate matter (PM) has been associated with various adverse health effects [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The mass concentration of PM was systematically adopted as an indicator of the exposure to air pollutants because the ultrafine and fine fractions of PM are considered to yield a high toxicity related to condensation and/or coagulation of chemical components. Many studies have focused on the mass concentrations of PM, several specific components were targeted to investigate the adverse health effects of PM because of their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. Anyenda et al, (2016) reported that exposure to p-PAHs is strongly associated with chronic cough occurrence in adult patients in a coastal site in the eastern part of the Sea of Japan [14]
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