Particulate Matter in Second-Hand Smoke Emitted from Different Cigarette Sizes and Types of the Brand Vogue Mainly Smoked by Women.

Nora Kant,Alexander Gerber,Ruth Müller,Markus Braun,David Groneberg

doi:10.3390/ijerph13080799

Abstract

Indoor air pollution with harmful particulate matter (PM) is mainly caused by cigarette smoke. Super-Slim-Size-Cigarettes (SSL) are considered a less harmful alternative to King-Size-Cigarettes (KSC) due to longer filters and relatively low contents. We ask if “Combined Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke” (CMSS)-associated PM levels of SSL are lower than of KSC and thus are potentially less harmful. PM concentrations in CMSS (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) are measured from four cigarette types of the brand Vogue, using an “automatic-environmental-tobacco-smoke-emitter” (AETSE) and laser aerosol spectrometry: SSL-BLEUE, -MENTHE, -LILAS and KSC-La Cigarette and -3R4F reference. This analysis shows that SSL MENTHE emitted the highest amount of PM, and KSC-La Cigarette the lowest. 3R4F reference emitted PM in the middle range, exceeding SSL BLEUE and falling slightly below SSL LILAS. It emerged that PM1 constituted the biggest proportion of PM emission. The outcome shows significant type-specific differences for emitted PM concentrations. Our results indicate that SSL are potentially more harmful for passive smokers than the respective KSC. However, this study cannot give precise statements about the general influence of the size of a cigarette on PM. Alarming is that PM1 is responsible for the biggest proportion of PM pollution, since smaller particles cause more harmful effects.

Highlights

In the last century, about 100 million people were killed by the use of tobacco
Cmean values of each investigated cigarette are in relation equal to each other, as the area under the curve (AUC) is dependent on the time required to smoke a cigarette, and eight puffs were required to smoke all investigated cigarettes
Vogue LILAS have 23%–27% higher particulate matter (PM)-Cmean values than Vogue BLEUE

Summary

Introduction

About 100 million people were killed by the use of tobacco. Tobacco related deaths will increase to 1 billion in the 21st century if smoking behavior does not change [1]. Half of the one billion smokers will be killed by the use of tobacco, about 5 million people each year. In addition to those people who die directly because of the use of tobacco, there are another nearly 1 million people who die because of inhaling environmental tobacco smoke, or “Combined Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke” (CMSS) [2]. Approximately every second man and less than 1 out of 10 women are smokers. The prevalence of smoking women is higher than in developing countries, and approximately

Methods

Results

Conclusion