Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a general atmospheric pollutant released into the air by an anthropogenic and naturally derived mixture of substances. Current studies indicate that fine dust can result in different health defects, including endothelial dysfunction, asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, uterine leiomyoma, deterioration in sperm quality, and overall birth impairment. However, the most prominent effects of PM10 (diameter < 10 μM) exposure on the female reproductive system, especially with respect to oocyte maturation, remain unclear. In the present study, maturing mouse oocytes were treated with PM10 and the phenotypes of the resulting toxic effects were investigated. Exposure to PM10 led to impairment of maturation capacity by inducing cell cycle arrest and blocking normal polar body extrusion during in vitro maturation and activation of fertilization of mouse oocytes. Additionally, defects in tubulin formation and DNA alignment were observed in PM10-treated oocytes during metaphase I to anaphase/telophase I transition. Moreover, PM10 induced reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and early apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that PM10 exposure leads to a decline in oocyte quality and affects the subsequent embryonic development potential of mammalian oocytes.
Highlights
Particulate matter (PM) is a general atmospheric pollutant introduced into the air by an anthropogenic and naturally derived mixture of substances
The various intracellular toxic effects generated by PM10 are primarily due to an elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in addition to the apoptosis resulting from DNA damage and hydroxyl radicals induced by the high iron content in PM10 (Alfaro-Moreno et al, 2002)
In addition to failed meiotic cell division, PM10-treated mature oocytes extruded large polar body (PB), or there was a segregation into two PBs, and showed a decreased Metaphase II (MII) formation rate comparison with that of control oocytes (Figure 1D)
Summary
Particulate matter (PM) is a general atmospheric pollutant introduced into the air by an anthropogenic and naturally derived mixture of substances. These substances exist in various shapes and sizes and consist of a wide range of chemicals such as Cd, Ni, and Pb, which may vary across regions. The various intracellular toxic effects generated by PM10 are primarily due to an elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in addition to the apoptosis resulting from DNA damage and hydroxyl radicals induced by the high iron content in PM10 (Alfaro-Moreno et al, 2002). Other studies have reported the effects induced by PM, including embryonic stage cellular toxicity and teratogenicity, in various mammalian species; its impact on human fetal development has been documented (Manzo et al, 2010)
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