Abstract
Emission factor is a relative measure and can be used to estimate emissions from multiple sources of air pollution. For this reason, data from literature on particulate matter emission factors from different types of biomass were evaluated in this paper. Initially, the main sources of particles were described, as well as relevant concepts associated with particle measurements. In addition, articles about particle emissions were classified and described in relation to the sampling environment (open or closed) and type of burned biomass (agricultural, garden, forest, and dung). Based on this analysis, a set of emission factors was presented and discussed. Important observations were made about the main emission sources of particulate matter. Combustion of compacted biomass resulted in lower particulate emission factors. PM2.5 emissions were predominant in the burning of forest biomass. Emission factors were more elevated in laboratory burning, followed by burns in the field, residences and combustors.
Highlights
Developed countries are largely dependent on fossil fuels [1]
The objective of the present review is to present an overview of the main sources through which particle emissions enter the atmosphere
Most of the emission factor (EF) found in the literature and reported in this study considered laboratory and residential biomass burning
Summary
Developed countries are largely dependent on fossil fuels [1]. Renewable energy is being encouraged as an alternative to fossil fuel [2,3,4]. Anenberg et al [5] reported that more than three billion people use solid fuels as the main source of energy in their homes. Saud et al [6] affirmed that biomass has been extensively used in developing countries such as India. Harvest residues and wood materials are the most common biomass fuels used as energy sources [5]. Is the use of in natura biomass fuels becoming more common, compacted biomass, such as briquettes and pellets, is being used more frequently
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