Abstract
In this paper, we state that the main factor that influences seasonal changes in the brightness of the cloudless, moonless, light-polluted night sky is primarily particulate matter, emitted mainly from low-emission sources, especially in winter. This effect is particularly noticeable in Cracow and its surroundings, one of the places in Europe that is most polluted by particulate matter. Measurements taken over a period of one year have allowed us to show a linear relationship between the concentration of particulate matter and the brightness of the clear, cloudless night sky. We have also found similar correlations in other, industrialized areas of Poland, as well as at the Mount Suhora Astronomical Observatory. We believe that the factor described here should be taken into account when planning the construction of new astronomical observatories, especially those located near large urban areas.
Highlights
According to the literature on this subject, the main reason for an increase in the brightness of the light-polluted night sky is the cloud et al 2010; Kyba coverage, which reflects ground lights (Ścieżor et al 2011)
We have found a clear linear relationship between the concentration of particulate matter (PM10 or total suspended particulate matter (TSP)) and the brightness of the clear and cloudless night sky (Sa )
The problem of correlation of Sa and concentration of the particulate matter (PM10 or TSP) requires the creation and use of an appropriate data base for various environments, which will be the subject of further research
Summary
According to the literature on this subject, the main reason for an increase in the brightness of the light-polluted night sky is the cloud et al 2010; Kyba coverage, which reflects ground lights (Ścieżor et al 2011). In the case of astronomical observations, the factors that are important are those that increase the brightness of the clear and cloudless sky. One of these factors that is widely known, especially in the infrared range of the spectrum, is the water vapour contained in the lower layers of the atmosphere, which even condenses to a fog. This is one of the reasons why astronomical observatories are located on the mountain tops, in areas with low humidity (Kerber et al 2014).
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